Cesar Augusto Vargas-García

Formal Verification of Stochastic Hybrid Systems: From Cell Biology to Systems Agriculture

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Principal Investigator Award Application — Harmonic Aristotle AI Grants

PI: César A. Vargas García, PhD Principal Investigator, AGROSAVIA (Colombia)
Requested Funding: $100,000 Duration: 24 months

Executive Summary

We propose to advance the formal verification of Stochastic Hybrid Systems (SHS) theory in Lean 4, extending our existing formalization to three domains: (1) complete cell size control theory including exponential growth, multi-step division, and changing environments, (2) gene expression dynamics, and (3) theoretical systems agriculture (stochastic crop modeling). This two-year project bridges rigorous mathematical foundations with practical applications for biology and smallholder farmers.


1. Preliminary Work: Foundations Already Formalized

Our team has completed a production-grade Lean 4 formalization of SHS theory based on Hespanha’s foundational framework (2005), released as SHSLib (project details). The following core results are fully verified (2,500+ lines, Lean 4.24.0 with Mathlib):

1.1 Stochastic Hybrid System Definition (Formalized)

The complete SHS 6-tuple $(n, Q, m, f, \phi, \lambda)$:

1.2 Extended Generator & Dynkin’s Formula (Verified)

\[(\mathcal{L}\psi)(q,x,t) = \nabla_x \psi \cdot f + \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial t} + \sum_{\ell=1}^{m} \left[\psi(\phi_\ell) - \psi\right] \lambda_\ell\]

Dynkin’s Formula (Theorem 1): $\mathbb{E}[\psi(\mathbf{z}(t))] = \psi(z_0) + \mathbb{E}\left[\int_{t_0}^t (\mathcal{L}\psi)(\mathbf{z}(s))\, ds\right]$

1.3 Cell Size Theory: Mean Dynamics (Verified)

For cells with linear growth $\mu$ and division rate $k$:

\[\frac{dM_1}{dt} = \mu - \frac{k}{2}M_1 \quad \Rightarrow \quad \mathbb{E}[X^*] = \frac{2\mu}{k}\]

1.4 Additional Verified Results (Ready for Extension)

Result Formula Status
Variance $\text{Var}[X] = \frac{4}{3}(\mu/k)^2$ Verified
CV $1/\sqrt{3} \approx 0.577$ Verified
Skewness $6\sqrt{3}/7 \approx 1.485$ Verified
Characteristic function $C(\xi) = \prod_{j=0}^{\infty} (1-i(\mu/k)2^{-j}\xi)^{-1}$ Verified
Density series $\rho^*(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} c_n e^{-(k/\mu)2^n x}$ Verified
Upwind scheme stability CFL condition verified Verified
MLE for division rate $\hat{k} = N/T$ maximizes likelihood Verified

2. PI Qualifications: Cell Size Modeling Expertise

This proposal builds on 15+ years of research in stochastic cell size control:

Foundational Theory Development

Key Publications in Cell Size Control

Software Implementation

Gene Expression & Network Analysis

Agricultural Applications (AGROSAVIA)


3. Proposed Formalization Extensions

3.1 Cell Size Theory: Complete Formalization (Year 1)

Building on our verified linear model, we will formalize:

A. Exponential Growth Dynamics

Most cells grow exponentially ($\dot{x} = \mu x$), not linearly. We will formalize:

B. Multi-Step Division Process

Cells often require multiple molecular steps before division (e.g., DNA replication checkpoints). We will formalize:

C. Changing Growth Conditions

Real cells experience nutrient shifts. We will formalize:

D. Multi-Dimensional Correlations

Using our 4D cell tracking SHS $(x, \tau, x_b, x_d)$:

3.2 Gene Expression Dynamics (Year 1-2)

3.3 Theoretical Systems Agriculture (Year 2)

Establish formally verified crop modeling extending DSSAT/APSIM:


4. Budget Justification ($100,000 / 24 months)

Category Amount Purpose
Graduate Students $50,000 Two MS/PhD students for formalization (24 months, 50% FTE)
Professional Developer $30,000 Lean 4 expert for library architecture (12 months, 50% FTE)
Computational Resources $10,000 Cloud computing, CI/CD infrastructure
Software & Dissemination $10,000 Smallholder tools, open-source release, workshops

5. Deliverables & Timeline

Period Milestone
Q1-Q2 Exponential growth formalization; multi-step division SHS
Q3-Q4 Changing conditions dynamics; 4D correlation derivations
Q5-Q6 Gene expression bursting; noise decomposition proofs
Q7-Q8 Crop growth SHS; yield distribution theory; library release

Final Outputs:


6. Why Aristotle AI?

Our 2,500+ lines of verified Lean 4 demonstrate feasibility. Aristotle will accelerate:

  1. Proof search in measure-theoretic arguments
  2. Mathlib integration for probability theory
  3. Iterative refinement of complex multi-step proofs

Our unique position—deep theoretical expertise in cell size control plus agricultural applications—ensures impact beyond pure mathematics.


Contact: cavargas@agrosavia.co ORCID Google Scholar

Supporting Harmonic’s mission to democratize rigorous mathematical reasoning while addressing challenges in food security and human health.


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